What Are X-Magento-Tags?

When investigating Magento caching in more detail, you may encounter X-Magento-Tags. Magento uses these tags to describe which entities contribute to a cached response, such as products, categories or CMS pages. Typical cache tags look like this:

The structure…

Finding products without product images using SQL (Magento 2)

Sometimes you need to find all products without assigned images in Magento 2, for example to verify that a product import or data migration is complete. The following SQL query returns products without product images: